Computer Wireline Logging
Natural Gas and Oil seldom shows itself in any dramatic way. It is elusive and hard to identify through target oil and gas payzones. A “ picture” is needed of what lies underground- where the drill bit has penetrated. To produce this “ picture”, a technical measuring process known as Computer (Wireline) Logging is used.
Wireline logs were first developed by the Schlumberger Brothers in the 1920’s. Today, by building on the original concept, a much more sophisticated process has evolved. A specially equipped truck lowers an assembly of electronic sensing devices to the bottom of the hole. After the cable has touched bottom, it is then reeled in slowly so the underground instruments can measure various characteristics surrounding the wellbore. The printout (charts/graphs) generated in the computer truck is referred to as the “field print”.
The computer log uses a standard format. The top of the log is referred to as the “header” and contains well and logging information. The left side of the strip is called track 1 and the right side of the strip is called track 2. Going down each track is one or more lines that record some characteristic of the rocks or geology of the wellbore. Each measurement line is labeled at the top of each track as well as within the track. For instance “Caliper” readings show variations in the diameter of the wellbore. “Electrical Resistivity” readings identify fluids within specific formations. “Gamma Ray & Neutron” measurements show the porosity of the formations and the presence of gas. “Sonic/Acoustic” measurements record sound velocity through each rock layer in addition to detecting the presence of noise within the wellbore.
The Geologist and Completion Engineer examine the log to determine exactly where the natural gas or oil is. For example: the Big Lime -17’ interval 0, (907’ to 3924’), the Berea Sands -42’ interval (4,550’ to 4,592’) and the Devonian Shale -160’ interval (5,180 to 5,340). They then design the best way to get it out of the ground i.e. “Frac” job.
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